The History of Surabaya City Development

Surabaya have it's own rapid progress of the city development. Asa capital city of East Java, this city is being a homebase by many office, factory, and many people to live. The historical change in urbanization since the historical change in summarized as follows.

In the beginning of the 19th century, the Dutch built Fort Kalimas at the estuary of the river Kalimas, and subsequently the city of Surabaya spread from north to south. In the middle of 19th century, a European Community was formed in the area lying between the river Pegirian and Jalan Indrapura, as the result of Dutch business interest.

Around the original city centre lived the different ethnic groups. The Dutch occupied the southern part of Jalan Niaga, the Chinese lived and carried on their business within the Old CBD (Central Business Distrcit), the Arabian community concentrated in the north east close to the trading harbor, while the native Indonesians lived immediately to the north of the Old CBD.

By the turn of the century, the city of Surabaya had a population of only 100,000. At this time, the Surabaya port was being constructed at Tanjung Perak, and trading and commercial activities expanded rapidly. By 1920, the population reached approximately 200,000.

The urban area then began to expand to the south towards Wonokromo. The general trend of urban growth was influenced strongly by a steam tram service which was initially designed to carry workers from south of the port in the north. Urban growth continued to expand from north to south, but was obviously delayed during the period of occupation and post-war disputes. The population in 1950 was about 450,000.

In the early 1960s , a new aspect of urbanization appeared. It was the expansion towards the east and west along the major roads, thus adding to the north-south corridor. A census indicated a population of approximately 1,000,000 in 1961.

After that, in 1976, the urban growth continued towards Gunung Sari hill in the west called the Darmo Satelite Town which was previously unattractive for urban development due to the water supply limitations. At the same time, the city master plan year 2000 was developed, with a structured plan approach mainly for controlling the land use. By the end of 1990, about 600 ha in the west area was almost ready for the medium and high income housing. This was driven by intensive resettlement movement, shifting from the city centre to make way for private-commercial redevelopment.

Because of the lack of potential infrastucture in the western areas, development only began early in 1980. In contrast, the eastern areas were developed by several private real estate companies. By constructing wide main access roads to the city, and installing connections to the citys water supply system, these areas of development grew faster compared to the western part. Presently, almost all assigned areas in the Master Plan 2000 produced in 1978 have now already been built up to the eastern tidal embankment limit 2.

Source: petra.ac.id
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Surabaya City Development

Surabaya is the capital of East Java Province, Indonesia. This city is located near the Java Sea and Bali Strait. As a capital city, Surabaya have a similar problem like Jakarta: dense population, traffic jam, waste, air polution, water polution etc. But, as a second largest city in Indonesia, Surabaya have their own program to build this city.

The Pillar of the Surabaya history said that it was established in 1293 and it was the sign of Raden Wijaya victory, first King Majapahit opposed China troops with the Kali Mas as sea strategy basis in winning the battle. Since that time the Surabaya dynamics had kept developing in the rise and fall of the Majapahit Kingdom Government period, the Dutch occupation, England , Japan up to independence period. In the perspective of social-anthropological, Surabaya was phenomenon connecting with the heroism that was depicted in SURO and BOYO character. In each one of the periods they were able to face all sort of the challenge and barrier having a supply of social capitals which has been enlivened by the culture and the value of piety, so Surabaya has revealed in a big village and a civilized community. Social relations between the ethnic group and the proceeding group is very harmonious, full tolerant and the social tension never happened, even the tension of politics. The difference of politics is appreciated and precisely becomes the ornament and the community's mosaic in the multi ethnic group Surabaya village. The culture plurality, religion, ethnic group and social structure are precisely as the strength which has materialized in the extrovert attitude as the part of Surabaya character.

In dynamical history, Surabaya has got one character as the trade city and growth into the trader's cosmopolitan community which has the wide network to China , England , the Netherlands , and Portuguese. Since the 18th age, Surabaya had the various industry based on manufacture, and during 1870 became a pioneer in the industry field equal to the port cities of the world like Shanghai, Calcuta, Singapore and Hong Kong. As the trade city was needed by the adequate infrastructure support, and in 1878 was built the infrastructure of the first train that connected to the buffer zone like Sidoarjo, Gresik, Jombang, Kediri , Madiun and et cetera. The industry and trade development incised the achievement that was high enough for Surabaya , where in 1900 became the busiest port city and the biggest city in Hindia East which was controlled by Netherlands . The other development sector of industry and trade were the sector of the service. The 19th and the 20 early age, Surabaya developed by the plantation economic center in East Java, beside the centre of the service for industrialization in territories around Surabaya . As the industrial city, the trade and the service, Surabaya parallel became the extraordinary attraction towards the migration of the inhabitants from various areas in East Java , various ethnic groups, moreover from many other countries. During 1905 the Surabaya inhabitants totally counted 150.000 souls, among of them were the European ethnic group, China , India and Arabian. In one last age, according to the note of year statistics 2005 up to June 2005, the number of Surabaya inhabitants reached 2701.312 souls.

The Surabaya Flashback in various perspectives is a very long learning process and become capital of the foundation in building Surabaya in the future. The Surabaya development can not release from the basic character as the city service and the trade. The era demand and the inhabitants by considering the geographical position and geo strategic especially in five years in the future, need various innovations in the implementation of the Government and the development. The Surabaya challenge in the future is very heavy and complex, beginning with the transport problem, flood, demography, manpower, informal sector, investment, various infrastructure and the low quality level which supports the regulation and the bureaucracy as well as the community's culture that capable equated Surabaya with world cities.

utonomy region with authority decentralization is certainly good practices (the implementation innovation of the Government) towards the economics development, the public's service and politics development and the law better and realizing constructive in framework of the improvement of the inhabitant welfare. Supporting to the economics growth and the increase in the quality of the life by the fulfillment of the community basic rights to be the strategic agenda that in the achievement must be supported by the development acceleration of the infrastructure, the management and the assets development as the cost alternative, bureaucracy reform, and the constructive supervision system and responsible. This agenda will become the important part in realizing the Surabaya SMART and CARE

MAIN CITY PROBLEM

1.The increasing of the Democracy and Justice, Government is not expanded yet the democratic cultural in developed the government and social in a organizational manner in participation basic all stakeholders in decision making, the transparency and good accountability in planning, concretion and responsibility development. By doing that, it also the low level of law cultivation and the structural quality law enforcement that can create the safe feeling and faired for the inhabitants.

2.The Inefficient bureaucracy In the function as the regulator, facilitate and the service in the community, the government's bureaucracy of the Surabaya city is not showed an efficient achievement yet. This is caused such as, the lack system of the career level that based on the structure reward and punishment towards the achievement to the bureaucrat that is measured on the innovation and the inhabitants satisfaction on the service to be given.

3.Consistency in the Implementation of the Layout and Infrastructure The Implementation of the layout always goes with consistency which is very low and has resulted from in sequence like structuring system environmental sanitation, drainage, the network of the infrastructure of the supporter, transport system, and the balance growth city and the healthy then comfortable housing arrangement. The space order Surabaya system related directly with province system layout that placed Greater Surabaya was integrated with Gresik, Bangkalan, Sidoarjo and Pasuruan.

4.The City infrastructure The Shortage of the port infrastructure, toll road, east circumference and Supported road, as well as the airport as the prerequisite for the increase of trade city stream, service and investment.

5.Transportation and Communication Metropolitan is proper for cities generally, the mobility of the thing and the person moved very fast, so the transport problems and communication become the basic demand. The density of the Surabaya traffic is in the critical threshold as resulting from not more balanced between road infrastructures with the number of available vehicles, apart from the more system inefficient transport.

6.The flood and Waste Although having the increase in efforts to reduce the water dump area, but flood is still becoming yearly ritual in Surabaya city. Even so the problem of the waste is still flooding the corner of city even in fact to the channel of city drainage.

7. The informal sector and unemployment The Growth of the number of traders sector informally reached almost the figure 70. 000 efforts units, now the contribution from this sector presses the high poverty figure and the unemployment. The management sector is not optimal and tended spatial yet, and has serious effect towards the flow, the dirtiness, and the loss of the city traffic from other efforts sector.

8. Investment Despite from the year to the year showed the growth investment figure (in 2004) PMA US$ 2. 874083. 000 and PMDN US$ 17. 647. 004. 000, with the economics growth 5,45%, but because of Surabaya as East Java icon the growth and even as Indonesia East window, then the reality is still not appropriate yet with hope or not comparable yet with the level of the requirement which needed.

9.Development Funding Still the shortage of development funding is compared with the level of the requirement and the program that necessarily done by the government of the city. This is because of having no maximum efforts yet the excavation funding of the good development that the alternative intensification and extensification sources the cost of areas

THE DEVELOPMENT VISION OF THE SURABAYA CITY IN 2006-2010

It is based on several problems of the subject analyzed, so the development vision of the Surabaya city up to 2010, as like The realization of the Surabaya city as the trade centre and the smart service in responding to all the opportunities and the global demand, supported by the high interest in bringing about the structure of the government and is democratic, prestigious society in the healthy and humanity environmental structuring that was healthy and humanity.

sorce:surabaya.go.id
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Semarang, Central Java. See the Old City

Semarang is the capital of Central Java Province. As a capital city, Semarang have it's own problem like the other city: traffic jam, air polution, flood, dense population, crime, etc. But Semarang is smaller than Jakarta and more easy to develop and improve city quality. A life quality is better than Jakarta, polution, population is lower.

Semarang have an old City like Old Batavia at Jakarta. This place is situated near the north beach. Tawang Train Station is become a land mark of old city. The problem of this city is flood. Because the altitude of land is lower than a sea, so when a tide is come, this place is flooded by water.

Dutch Colonial Goverment have built many ditch or culvert, so a basin in the located in the front of Tawang Station. But, these not suitable to defend flood. regional Goverment have built a flood chanel to drain much water when rain come.

Transportion in Semarang is still use bus and City car as a favourite transport. there is taxi too. Semarang is city with land and higland, so at the night you can see many lamp shine create a spot in the dark. Semarang want to increase a city delelopment to south. The northern is to dense to develop.

If you want to know about Semarang, you can visi this site: www.semarang.go.id, this is the official website of Semarang City Goverment.


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Green Area for Healthy Jakarta

As a metropolitan city, Jakarta have it's problem with air polution. It is because of a high number of car, motorcycle, factory, that all are throw their emition of CO or CO2 into the air. This caused a decreasing of air quality in Jakarta. One of the cause is a decreasing amount of city forest in Jakarta.

An ideal city must have a capability to support many city demand. An infrastructur like building, highway, rail way, canal, phone line, etc. So, to support and sustain air quality. For this purpose, an ideal city forest is a must.

Actually, Jakarta have many an open green area (Ruang Terbuka Hijau) like Monumen Nasional, Taman Suropati, Senayan, but many of them is not really green. I thin only monas and Taman Suropati stil have an ideal place for green area. Senayan is change to many other purpose. Senayan city and plasa Senayan is built at senayan sport area, that should have many tress to suply more fresh air.

City goverment of Jakarta have a masterplan of green area. THis area is prohibited fro other purpose. But, in few year many of this area is change into other purpose like for oil station, building, office etc. Number of trees is decrease for year and year.

But, we have to have more patience. Jakarta is boost it's development many building and infrastructure but still forget to develop an healthy nature. We hope, the next leader will see this problem and do something to solve it.
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Toward A Healthy City

Jakarta is the largest city in Indonesia. With population about 7 milion and 5 million commuter that work in Jakarta cause this city not only dense, crowded, hot, dirty, and so not health to living. Traffic jam is become a common looking on the street arround Jakarta. River with a disty brown water to. Is city with this condition is helath for living? I think not.

By WHO, (1992) describe the healthy city as a city that all project is rooted in a concept of what city is and a vision of what that is living, breathing, growing and constanly changing. A healthy city is one that improve its environment and expands its resourcess so that people can support each other in achieving their highest potential.

Many way is taken by Jakarta Goverment to reduce air polution, water polution, traffic jam, crime, etc, nut the result is still far from succes. May because so many problem is stuck Jakarta, like no way to solve a problem. As a capital of Indonesia, Jakarta become a central for many bussines office, national and multinational branch office, make this city is a source for money for many Indonesia Citizen.

So, when Jakarta is comfortable for living? May be need a long tim eto get this result. But, all have tro participate on pursuing this. It is not only a task of goverment, but all Jakarta citizen. What can we do? Throw a waste into a trash bin, dont't throw into the river. Obey all rule when riding. With our participation, and a good will from goverment, a healthy city will come true.
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Bangkok, Thailand

Bangkok, the capital of Thailand Kingdom, in thai called as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon, is the 22nd most populous city in the world. Bangkok province or the areas bounded by the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA), has a registered population nearing 7 million people, and the Bangkok Metropolitan Area.

Which covers five provinces surrounding the capital province in the central region of Thailand registers a little over 10 million. However, like many large cities, the city has seen a great flux of immigrants who are not properly listed in the city's administration. The population is therefore much more realistic in the band of 15-20 million.



An elaborate network of canals known as khlongs gave Bangkok the nickname "Venice of the East" at a time when most transportation was by boat. Today, nearly all of the canals have been filled in and converted into streets. While many khlongs still exist with people living along them and markets often being operated along the banks, most are severely polluted.[7] A notable khlong market is the floating market in Taling Chan district. Through downtown Bangkok runs the Khlong Saen Saeb, which has a canal boat service, the most extensive of which is the Chao Phraya Express Boat with as many as thirty stops along the both banks of the Saen Saeb. However, there are limitations as the further north the route is the farther apart the stations are, impeding the ability of this water taxi to function as a true mass transit system.

Roads

Several elevated highways, newly rebuilt intersections, and many partially finished road and rail projects dot the landscape around greater Bangkok, but have done little to overcome the notorious traffic jams on Bangkok's surface roads as private vehicle usage continues to outstrip infrastructure development. Many city residents complain that they spend more than half their waking day on the streets on an open-air city bus.

Bangkok also includes many shopping and business roads like the Sukhumvit Road which includes highrise business buildings, apartments, and shopping malls, Sukhumvit Road is where many foreigners like to come shopping. The Wireless Road or Thanon Wittayu include the Stock Exchange of Thailand and many business buildings like the All Seasons Place Complex which includes the Conrad Bangkok, a shopping mall, and many other business offices. The Thanon Khaosan or Khaosan Road is also well-known by foreigners. One of the popular shopping roads for teenagers is Rama I road, which has the Siam Paragon, Siam Square, and the Siam Discovery Center.

Bangkok may be known as one of the worst cities in the world for traffic, but it has built an expressway or second-level road on almost every road in the city center, and there continue to be plans for new expressways monthly. The government has also tried many times to improve the state of the traffic in the city center, which can sometimes take an hour just to move one kilometer.[citation needed]

Rail systems

In 1999 an elevated two-line Skytrain (officially called BTS) metro system was opened. The remains of a failed elevated railroad project (the Hopewell project) can still be seen all the way from the main railroad station out towards Don Mueang Airport. Due to the Asian financial crisis of 1997 construction was halted and the concrete pillars were left unused.



The MRT subway system opened for use in July 2004. The MRT connects the northern train station of Bang Sue to the Hua Lamphong central railway station near the city center, while also going through the eastern part of Bangkok. It connects to the BTS system at BTS stations Mo Chit, Asok, and Sala Daeng. Many stations have various designs and concepts with many to install retail shops and transit malls to draw more income from commuters.

source:wikimedia

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